汲黯字长孺濮阳人也

7. 求《汲郑列传》的全文翻译，多谢多谢

原文：
汲黯字长孺，濮阳人也。其先有宠於古之卫君。至黯七世，世为卿大夫。黯以父任，孝景时为太子洗马，以庄见惮。孝景帝崩，太子即位，黯为谒者。东越相攻，上使黯往视之。不至，至吴而还，报曰：“越人相攻，固其俗然，不足以辱天子之使。”河内失火，延烧千馀家，上使黯往视之。还报曰：“家人失火，屋比延烧，不足忧也。臣过河南，河南贫人伤水旱万馀家，或父子相食，臣谨以便宜，持节发河南仓粟以振贫民。臣请归节，伏矫制之罪。”上贤而释之，迁为荥阳令。黯耻为令，病归田里。上闻，乃召拜为中大夫。以数切谏，不得久留内，迁为东海太守。黯学黄老之言，治官理民，好清静，择丞史而任之。其治，责大指而已，不苛小。黯多病，卧闺合内不出。岁馀，东海大治。称之。上闻，召以为主爵都尉，列於九卿。治务在无为而已，弘大体，不拘文法。
黯为人性倨，少礼，面折，不能容人之过。合己者善待之，不合己者不能忍见，士亦以此不附焉。然好学，游侠，任气节，内行修絜，好直谏，数犯主之颜色，常慕傅柏、袁盎之为人也。善灌夫、郑当时及宗正刘弃。亦以数直谏，不得久居位。
当是时，太后弟武安侯蚡为丞相，中二千石来拜谒，蚡不为礼。然黯见蚡未尝拜，常揖之。天子方招文学儒者，上曰吾欲云云，黯对曰：“陛下内多欲而外施仁义，柰何欲效唐虞之治乎！”上默然，怒，变色而罢朝。公卿皆为黯惧。上退，谓左右曰：“甚矣，汲黯之戆也！”群臣或数黯，黯曰：“天子置公卿辅弼之臣，宁令从谀承意，陷主於不义乎？且已在其位，纵爱身，柰辱朝廷何！”
黯多病，病且满三月，上常赐告者数，终不愈。最后病，庄助为请告。上曰：“汲黯何如人哉？”助曰：“使黯任职居官，无以逾人。然至其辅少主，守城深坚，招之不来，麾之不去，虽自谓贲育亦不能夺之矣。”上曰：“然。古有社稷之臣，至如黯，近之矣。”
大将军青侍中，上踞厕而视之。丞相弘燕见，上或时不冠。至如黯见，上不冠不见也。上尝坐武帐中，黯前奏事，上不冠，望见黯，避帐中，使人可其奏。其见敬礼如此。
张汤方以更定律令为廷尉，黯数质责汤於上前，曰：“公为正卿，上不能襃先帝之功业，下不能抑天下之邪心，安国富民，使囹圄空虚，二者无一焉。非苦就行，放析就功，何乃取高皇帝约束纷更之为？公以此无种矣。”黯时与汤论议，汤辩常在文深小苛，黯伉厉守高不能屈，忿发骂曰：“天下谓刀笔吏不可以为公卿，果然。必汤也，令天下重足而立，侧目而视矣！”
是时，汉方征匈奴，招怀四夷。黯务少事，乘上间，常言与胡和亲，无起兵。上方向儒术，尊公孙弘。及事益多，吏民巧弄。上分别文法，汤等数奏决谳以幸。而黯常毁儒，面触弘等徒怀诈饰智以阿人主取容，而刀笔吏专深文巧诋，陷人於罪，使不得反其真，以胜为功。上愈益贵弘、汤，弘、汤深心疾黯，唯天子亦不说也，欲诛之以事。弘为丞相，乃言上曰：“右内史界部中多贵人宗室，难治，非素重臣不能任，请徙黯为右内史。”为右内史数岁，官事不废。
大将军青既益尊，姊为皇后，然黯与亢礼。人或说黯曰：“自天子欲群臣下大将军，大将军尊重益贵，君不可以不拜。”黯曰：“夫以大将军有揖客，反不重邪？”大将军闻，愈贤黯，数请问国家朝廷所疑，遇黯过於平生。
淮南王谋反，惮黯，曰：“好直谏，守节死义，难惑以非。至如说丞相弘，如发蒙振落耳。”
天子既数征匈奴有功，黯之言益不用。
始黯列为九卿，而公孙弘、张汤为小吏。及弘、汤稍益贵，与黯同位，黯又非毁弘、汤等。已而弘至丞相，封为侯；汤至御史大夫；故黯时丞相史皆与黯同列，或尊用过之。黯褊心，不能无少望，见上，前言曰：“陛下用群臣如积薪耳，后来者居上。”上默然。有间黯罢，上曰：“人果不可以无学，观黯之言也日益甚。”
居无何，匈奴浑邪王率众来降，汉发车二万乘。县官无钱，从民贳马。民或匿马，马不具。上怒，欲斩长安令。黯曰：“长安令无罪，独斩黯，民乃肯出马。且匈奴畔其主而降汉，汉徐以县次传之，何至令天下骚动，罢弊中国而以事夷狄之人乎！”上默然。及浑邪至，贾人与市者，坐当死者五百馀人。黯请间，见高门，曰：“夫匈奴攻当路塞，绝和亲，中国兴兵诛之，死伤者不可胜计，而费以巨万百数。臣愚以为陛下得胡人，皆以为奴婢以赐从军死事者家；所卤获，因予之，以谢天下之苦，塞百姓之心。今纵不能，浑邪率数万之众来降，虚府库赏赐，发良民侍养，譬若奉骄子。愚民安知市买长安中物而文吏绳以为阑出财物于边关乎？陛下纵不能得匈奴之资以谢天下，又以微文杀无知者五百馀人，是所谓‘庇其叶而伤其枝’者也，臣窃为陛下不取也。”上默然，不许，曰：“吾久不闻汲黯之言，今又复妄发矣。”后数月，黯坐小法，会赦免官。於是黯隐於田园。
居数年，会更五铢钱，民多盗铸钱，楚地尤甚。上以为淮阳，楚地之郊，乃召拜黯为淮阳太守。黯伏谢不受印，诏数强予，然后奉诏。诏召见黯，黯为上泣曰：“臣自以为填沟壑，不复见陛下，不意陛下复收用之。臣常有狗马病，力不能任郡事，臣愿为中郎，出入禁闼，补过拾遗，臣之愿也。”上曰：“君薄淮阳邪？吾今召君矣。顾淮阳吏民不相得，吾徒得君之重，卧而治之。”黯既辞行，过大行李息，曰：“黯弃居郡，不得与朝廷议也。然御史大夫张汤智足以拒谏，诈足以饰非，务巧佞之语，辩数之辞，非肯正为天下言，专阿主意。主意所不欲，因而毁之；主意所欲，因而誉之。好兴事，舞文法，内怀诈以御主心，外挟贼吏以为威重。公列九卿，不早言之，公与之俱受其僇矣。”息畏汤，终不敢言。黯居郡如故治，淮阳政清。后张汤果败，上闻黯与息言，抵息罪。令黯以诸侯相秩居淮阳。七岁而卒。
卒后，上以黯故，官其弟汲仁至九卿，子汲偃至诸侯相。黯姑姊子司马安亦少与黯为太子洗马。安文深巧善宦，官四至九卿，以河南太守卒。昆弟以安故，同时至二千石者十人。濮阳段宏始事盖侯信，信任宏，宏亦再至九卿。然卫人仕者皆严惮汲黯，出其下。
郑当时者，字庄，陈人也。其先郑君尝为项籍将；籍死，已而属汉。高祖令诸故项籍臣名籍，郑君独不奉诏。诏尽拜名籍者为大夫，而逐郑君。郑君死孝文时。
郑庄以任侠自喜，脱张羽於戹，声闻梁楚之间。孝景时，为太子舍人。每五日洗...只有这么多了。
英文：
Jian word length Ru, Puyang people. Its first pet in the ancient Wei-Jun. -- An VII, the World for the Qingtai Fu. To the father of An, Xiaojing at Taizaixima to see Dan Zhuang. Xiaojingdibeng, Prince Edward enthronement, for Yezhe An. East of the attack, depending on the make to the An. Not to, but also to Miss, to say: "The people of the offensive and vulgar but its solid, so that's not enough to shame the emperor." Hanoi fire, spread the remaining 1,000 homes, depending on the make to the An. Also reportedly said: "family fire, housing than the spread, not worry also. Hill had Henan, Henan floods, droughts and poor people injured more than 10,000 homes, or Sons of food, Hill would like to cheaper, Su Chi Jie, Henan warehouse-to the poor. Robinson requested to the festival, V-straightening of the crimes system. "-And on the release, transfer to the Ying Yang. An shame for the disease to the field. Wen on, Naizhao in Baidoa to the doctor. To cut the number advice, not to Kurume, moved to the East China Sea Taishou. An Elder Huang of the statement, the official rationale for the rule, good quiet, and the optional cheng of the history. Its rule, only select Da, not exorbitant small. An sick, lying within a no Gui. The remaining years of age, the East China Sea Da-. Known. Wen on, the response to the main Grand Mercure Du Wei, out in the Jiuqing. Governance works only in Wuwei, WONG general, informal grammar.
An Ju for Humanity, less ceremony, Mianzhe, not of the Rongren. The others were a treat, not others who can not tolerate see, are also not attached to Yan. However, studious, Chivalric, the integrity, professional Xiu Xie, good Zhijian, a few guilty of the main color, often Mufu Parker, Yuanang of people also. Good Guanfu, Liu Zheng was abandoned and are being examined. Zhijian also a few, shall not be Hisai bit.
When is, the queen mother-di Wuanhoufen for prime minister, in homage to Erqian Shi, Li Fen not. An Ran Fen never see Baidoa, Chang Yi's. Son of Heaven, strokes literature Confucianists, said Wu Yu, and so on, the An said: "His Majesty, and more to outside Oxfam Renyi, McNair to what effect the rule between Tang Yu!" Moran angrily, discoloration and stop North Korea. An Gongqing were fearless. On the retreat, about that said: "Shen Yi, the Jian Gang also!" Qunchen or An, An said: "The emperor home Gongqingfubi Robinson, from the Yu-ling for Italy, in the main depression is not just between» and In its place, if love body, the court Mr McNair shame! "
An sick, and full of March, on the few who often Cigu, finally Buyu. Finally disease, Zhuang was requested for help. , Said: "Zai Jian Heru people» "help said:" An office Juguan so that no more than to people. Ran to their less-fu master, Shoucheng deep Kennedy, not to call at, the Hui do not, although since Yu also said that Ben's not just wins. ", Said:" Ran. Sajik the Hill are ancient, such as to An, near the just. "
The General Tsing Shi Zhong, and depending on the toilet Ju. Prime minister Hongyan see, or not at the crown. An example to see, not on the crown has not. Wu try sitting on the account, An prelude, not the winner, Wang Jian An, to avoid the PAC, its people can play. So see their salute.
Zhangtang side to make the law more for Ting Wei, An select few of the Tang approached, said: "the public to Zhengqing, not on the Gongye Bao Xian Di, could not restrain the world's Xie Xin, Guo enrich the people, so that Lingyu emptiness, the two non - 1 Yan. Plight on-line and let out on work, Henai bound by the emperor from a high of more to come »to the public free of just." An with that of Tang, Tang argued often in small, deep exorbitant, Li An Zhaokang Shou Qu can not be high, Fen, scolded said: "the world that can not Daobi Li for the Gongqing, really. Tang will also, the world-foot standing as Cemu and just!"
Is, Han Zheng, Hun, strokes with Si Yi. An Treasury less, multiplied by, and the pro-Chang Yan and Hu, no Qibing. On the direction of Confucianism, respect Gongsun Hong. And more things beneficial, Qiao Limin Lane. Grammar, respectively, Tang Yan, including the decision to play fortunate. An often destroyed and Confucianism, and other followers of touch WONG decorated with bluff-Palestinian Ren Zhu Rongji admitted, but the deep, Qiao Daobi Li Di, who depression in the crime, anti-Chen Shi Bude, to win the gong. On increasingly expensive WONG, soup, WONG, Tang Xin Jian deep, but the emperor is not to say, Yuzhu of the matter. WONG for the prime minister, is on the statement said: "Right in the history of the instry in more than贵人imperial clan, refractory, non-the-Zhong Chen can not, for the right of resettlement An history." For the right of the history of a few years old, Guanshi not waste.
Green not only benefit the general respect, for the Queen's sister, Ran and Kang An officiating. Or that An said: "Since the emperor to Qunchen great generals, the general respect for your benefit, not-jun can not worship." An said: "Cardiff are a big General Yi passengers, not anti-evil-« "General Wen, The more-An, a few ask the state court by the suspect, too An event of his life.
Huainan Wang rebellion, Danan, said: "good Zhijian, Shoujie die-hard non-doubts. To say that if the prime minister WONG, such as Fameng-off ears."
Levy is the emperor of the Huns is meritorious, An Introction of the benefits do not have to.
An Jiuqing as before, and Gongsun Hong, Zhang Tang for Xiaoli. And WONG, Tang Yi slightly expensive, and the same-An, An and non-crash WONG, soup. Yier WONG to the prime minister, called Hou; soup to Yushidafu; prime minister when they An An and history are with the list of used or respect. Anbian heart, not with less hope, see, the preamble said: "His Majesty Qunchen such as the plot paid by ear, and later on to Habitat." On Moran. An inter-stop there, on said: "No one fruit can not learn and watch An words are also increasingly substantial."
Habitat no Ho, Hun Lvzhong to lower Hunxie Wang, Han 20,000 by the grid. County money from the Shi Ma. Public or Punic Ma, Ma is not. On anger, to cut the Chang'an. An said: "Chang'an the acquittal, chopped An independent, public is willing to出马. Huns and the banks of the main而降Han, Han Xu Chuan, the county, how to make the world a riot, strike and disadvantages of China's people to things Yidi Between! "Moran. And pistachio to evil, Jia and the City, sitting when the deceased Wu Baiyu people. An please, see high-door, said: "Cardiff Road Cypriots when the Huns attack, and no pro-China's Zhu Xing Bing, of the victims can not win, and the costs to a few giant Wan. Chenyu think that His Majesty the Hunni, are thought Slaves Thanks to military service, family death matter; agreed by the brine, to the result to thank all the pains of the heart Cypriot people. If not today, pistachio evil rate to drop tens of thousands of people, virtual Fuku reward, the innocent people Shiyang , Piruo Bong proud. Yumin know the city of Chang'an of buying and Wenli click on a rope that relates to property on the edge »His Majesty the Hun if not in the capital to thank the world, on micro-text kill ignorant Wu Baiyu, is The so-called 'asylum wound its leaves and branches' also, burglary Robinson also admitted to Majesty is not. "On Moran not allowed, said:" I Jiubu Wen Jian words, this is just a jump to rehabilitation. "After a few months, An sit on the law, will pardon official. Thus An implicit in the countryside.
Habitat few years, five baht will be more money, the more bootlegging Zhu Qian, Chu, particularly. On that Huaiyang, Chu and the rural, Naizhao worship for the Huaiyang An Taishou. An Hsieh Fu from India, and Chao to a few strong, and Feng Zhao. Chao called An, An Qi for the last said: "Robinson thought filled gully, no longer see His Majesty, His Majesty the element of the complex to use. Chen often dog-disease, not of the gun, Hill is willing to Zhonglang, access ban Ta, a theft by finding meeting, Hill's wish to have. ", Said:" Jun-thin Huaiyang evil »Wu Jin-jun just response. LAB Huaiyang Limin not Xiangde, Wutu in the re-jun, lying and rule." An Cixing both, Too much baggage income, said: "An abandoned abode in the county, the court shall also proposed. Tang Zhi Zhang Ran Yushitaifu enough to resist advice, to showcase non-bluff, Qiao Ning for words, the number of dialectical speech, as the world is willing to non-statement , The Argentine idea. By the idea does not wish, therefore destruction of; idea pace, and thus the reputation. Good-hing, dance grammar, with the Royal bluff to the main heart, relying on thieves, officials thought that Granville heavy. Jiuqing the public out, Not as short, both of them just by Lu. "Income Wei Tang, not the end statement. An abode in the county as before governance, Huaiyang G-ching. After the defeat Zhangtang fruit, on the income statement and Wen An, arrived in the crime rate. An order of rank to诸侯Habitat Huaiyang. Seven-year-old Erzu.
Death, therefore, to An, the official Jiuqing to his brother-absorbed, the son of Ji Yan to诸侯. An Kou also the sister of Sima and less for Taizaixima An. How good deep An-Wen Huan, the official four Jiuqing to Henan Taishou death. Kundi to the result, at the same time to Erqian Dan to 10 people. Puyang DUAN Hong covered only thing Hou Xin, trust, Acer, Acer again to Jiuqing. However, both parties Wei Yan Jian Dan, to the next.
Zheng then, the word Zhuang, Chen also. Zheng their first taste of the membership to be; who died, Yier are Han. Gao Zu to all of the membership is a membership-chen, Zheng Feng Zhao is not alone. Chao made for those who worship a doctor, and by Zheng. Zheng died when Xiaowen.
Zhengzhuang to Renxia self-hi, from Zhang Yu in the E, Leung Chu Shengwen between. Xiaojing, for the Prince Edward Sheren. On the 5th of each wash ...
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8. 文言文谒者汲黯的解释

汲黯字长孺，濮阳人也。其先有宠于古之卫君。至黯七世，世为卿大夫。黯以父任，孝景时为太子洗马，以庄见惮。孝景帝崩，太子即位，黯为谒者。东越相攻，上使黯往视之。不至，至吴而还，报曰：“越人相攻，固其俗然，不足以辱天子之使。”河内失火，延烧千余家，上使黯往视之。还报曰：“家人失火，屋比延烧，不足忧也。
臣过河南，河南贫人伤水旱万余家，或父子相食，臣谨以便宜，持节发河南仓粟以振贫民。
臣请归节，伏矫制之罪。“上贤而释之，迁为荥阳令。黯耻为令，病归田里。上闻，乃召拜为中大夫。以数切诛，不得久留内，迁为东海太守。黯学黄老之言，治官理民，好清静，择丞史而任之。其治，责大指而已，不苛小。黯多病，卧闺阁内不出。岁余，东海大治。称之。上闻，召以为主爵都尉，列于九卿。治务在无为而已，弘大体，不拘文法。
当是时，太后弟武安侯蚡为丞相，中二千石来拜谒，蚡不为礼。然黯见蛉未尝拜，常揖之。天子方招文学儒者，上曰吾欲云云，黯对曰：“陛下内多欲而外施仁义，奈何欲效唐虞之治乎！”上默然，怒，变色而罢朝。公卿皆为黯惧。上退，谓左右曰：“甚矣，汲黯之戆也！”群臣或数黯，黯曰：“天子置公卿辅弼之臣，宁令从谀承意，陷主于不义乎？且已在其位，纵爱身，奈辱朝廷何！”（《史记·汲郑列传》）
译文
汲黯，字长孺，是濮阳人。他的先人被古时的卫君宠幸。到汲黯是第七代，代代做卿大夫。汲黯因为父亲而袭任官位。在孝景帝时做了太子洗马，因为严肃使人畏惧。孝素帝驾崩，太子即位，汲黯做谒者。东越人互相攻打，皇上派汲黯去观察。汲黯还没到达那里，到了吴郡就回来了，报告说：“越人互相争斗本来是他们的风俗，不足以劳顿天子的使臣前往。”黄河以北地区失火，连着烧及千余家，皇上派汲黯前往视察情况乙汲黯回来报告说：“家里人弄着了火，房子并排，所以连带烧了，不值得担忧？臣经过黄河南面。黄河南面的穷人有万余家受到水灾、旱灾的侵害，有的父子互相残食，臣以职务之便，拿令牌分发了黄河以南仓库的粟米来赈济贫民，臣还回令牌，请皇上治我假传圣旨的罪过。”皇上认为他贤能就放了他，改任荥阳县令。汲黯耻于做县令（这么小的官职），就托病回家乡了。皇上听说，就把他召回来任为中大夫。因为汲黯多次急谏，不能久留宫内，改任东海郡太守。汲黯学习黄老学说，领导官吏，治理百姓，喜好清静，选择郡丞和书吏来任用他们。他治理政事，只管大的方面，不苛求细节。汲黯多病，躺在内室里不出来，一年多，东海郡大治（治理得非常好），人们称赞他。皇上听说了，召见他，任命为主爵都尉，地位在九卿之列。汲黯做官，务求无为而治，宏扬大体，不拘泥文书法令。
这个时候，太后的弟弟武安侯田蛉为丞相，职位在中二千石以上的官吏来拜见，田蚡都不答礼。但是汲黯见田蚡不首行跪拜礼，只是常常拱拱手。天子正招求会做文章和有学问的人，皇上说我想如何如何，汲黯应答说：“陛下内心多欲望却表面上行仁义，怎么能效法唐虞之治呢！”皇上不说话，怒气冲冲，变了脸色下了朝。公卿都为汲黯害怕。皇上退下后，对左右的人说：“太过分了，汲黯真是卤莽！”群臣中有人责备汲黯，汲藉说：“天子任命公卿等辅佐的大臣，难道让我们讨好奉承，把主上置于不义的境地吗？况且我已身在其位，纵使爱惜自己，那又怎能辱没朝廷呢！”

9. 《史记·汲郑列传》关于汲黯的翻译

汲黯字长孺，濮阳县人。他的祖先曾受古卫国国君恩宠。到他已是第七代，代代都在朝中荣任卿、大夫之职。靠父亲保举，孝景帝时汲黯当了太子洗马，因为人严正而被人敬畏。景帝死后，太子继位，任命他做谒者之官。东越的闽越人和瓯越人发生攻战，皇上派汲黯前往视察。他未到达东越，行至吴县便折返而归，禀报说：“东越人相攻，是当地民俗本来就如此好斗，不值得烦劳天子的使臣去过问。”河内郡发生了火灾，绵延烧及一千余户人家，皇上又派汲黯去视察。他回来报告说：“那里普通人家不慎失火，由于住房密集，火势便蔓延开去，不必多忧。我路过河南郡时，眼见当地贫民饱受水旱灾害之苦，灾民多达万余家，有的竟至于父子相食，我就趁便凭所持的符节，下令发放了河南郡官仓的储粮，赈济当地灾民。现在我请求缴还符节，承受假传圣旨的罪责。”皇上认为汲黯贤良，免他无罪，调任为荥阳县令。汲黯认为当县令耻辱，便称病辞官还乡。皇上闻讯，召汲黯朝任中大夫。由于屡次向皇上直言谏诤，他仍不得久留朝中，被外放当了东海郡太守。汲黯崇仰道家学说，治理官府和处理民事，喜好清静少事，把事情都交托自己挑选出的得力的郡丞和书史去办。他治理郡务，不过是督查下属按大原则行事罢了，并不苛求小节。他体弱多病，经常躺在卧室内休息不出门。一年多的时间，东海郡便十分清明太平，人们都很称赞他。皇上得知后，召汲黯回京任主爵都尉，比照九卿的待遇。他为政力求无为而治，弘其大要而不拘守法令条文。
汲黯与人相处很傲慢，不讲究礼数，当面顶撞人，容不得别人的过错。与自己心性相投的，他就亲近友善；与自己合不来的，就不耐烦相见，士人也因此不愿依附他。但是汲黯好学，又好仗义行侠，很注重志气节操。他平日居家，品行美好纯正；入朝，喜欢直言劝谏，屡次触犯皇上的面子，时常仰慕傅柏和袁盎的为人。他与灌夫、郑当时和宗正刘弃交好。他们也因为多次直谏而不得久居其官位。
就在汲黯任主爵都尉而位列九卿的时候，窦太后的弟弟武安侯田蚡（ｆéｎ，坟）做了宰相。年俸中二千石的高官来谒见时都行跪拜之礼，田蚡竟然不予还礼。而汲黯求见田蚡时从不下拜，经常向他拱手作揖完事。这时皇上正在招揽文学之士和崇奉儒学的儒生，说我想要如何如何，汲黯便答道：“陛下心里欲望很多，只在表面上施行仁义，怎么能真正仿效唐尧虞舜的政绩呢！”皇上沉默不语，心中恼怒，脸一变就罢朝了，公卿大臣都为汲黯惊恐担心。皇上退朝后，对身边的近臣说：“太过分了，汲黯太愚直！”群臣中有人责怪汲黯，汲黯说：“天子设置公卿百官这些辅佐之臣，难道是让他们一味屈从取容，阿谀奉迎，将君主陷于违背正道的窘境吗？何况我已身居九卿之位，纵然爱惜自己的生命，但要是损害了朝廷大事，那可怎么办！”
汲黯多病，而且已抱病三月之久，皇上多次恩准他休假养病，他的病体却始终不愈。最后一次病得很厉害，庄助替他请假，皇上问道：“汲黯这个人怎么样？”庄助说：“让汲黯当官执事，没有过人之处。然而他能辅佐年少的君主，坚守已成的事业，以利诱之他不会来，以威驱之他不会去，即使有人自称像孟贲、夏育一样勇武非常，也不能憾夺他的志节。”皇上说：“是的。古代有所谓安邦保国的忠臣，像汲黯就很近似他们了。”
大将军卫青入侍宫中，皇上曾蹲在厕所内接见他。丞相公孙弘平时有事求见，皇上有时连帽子也不戴。至于汲黯进见，皇上不戴好帽子是不会接见他的。皇上曾经坐在威严的武帐中，适逢汲黯前来启奏公事，皇上没戴帽，望见他就连忙躲避到帐内，派近侍代为批准他的奏议。汲黯被皇上尊敬礼遇到了这种程度。
张汤刚以更改制定刑律法令做了廷尉，汲黯就曾多次在皇上面前质问指责张汤，说：“你身为正卿，却对上不能弘扬先帝的功业，对下不能遏止天下人的邪恶欲念。安国富民，使监狱空无罪犯，这两方面你都一事无成。相反，错事你竭力却做，大肆破坏律令，以成就自己的事业，尤为甚者，你怎么竟敢把高祖皇帝定下的规章制度也乱改一气呢？你这样做会断子绝孙的。”汲黯时常和张汤争辩，张汤辩论起来，总爱故意深究条文，苛求细节。汲黯则出言刚直严肃，志气昂奋，不肯屈服，他怒不可遏地骂张汤说：“天下人都说绝不能让刀笔之吏身居公卿之位，果真如此。如果非依张汤之法行事不可，必令天下人恐惧得双足并拢站立而不敢迈步，眼睛也不敢正视了！”
这时，汉朝正在征讨匈奴，招抚各地少数民族。汲黯力求国家少事，常借向皇上进言的机会建议与胡人和亲，不要兴兵打仗。皇上正倾心于儒家学说，尊用公孙弘，对此不以为意。及至国内事端纷起，下层官吏和不法之民都弄巧逞志以逃避法网，皇上这才要分条别律，严明法纪，张汤等人也便不断进奏所审判的要案，以此博取皇上的宠幸。而汲黯常常诋毁儒学，当面抨击公孙弘之流内怀奸诈而外逞智巧，以此阿谀主上取得欢心；刀笔吏专门苛究深抠法律条文，巧言加以诋毁，构陷他人有罪，使事实真相不得昭示，并把胜狱作为邀功的资本，于是皇上越发地倚重公孙弘和张汤，公孙弘、张汤则深恨汲黯，就连皇上也不喜欢他，想借故杀死他。公孙弘做了丞相，向皇上建议说：“右内史管界内多有达官贵人和皇室宗亲居住，很难管理，不是素来有声望的大臣不能当此重任，请调任汲黯为右内史。”汲黯当了几年右内史，任中政事井井有条，从未废弛荒疏过。
大将军卫青已经越发地尊贵了，他的姐姐卫子夫做了皇后，但是汲黯仍与他行平等之礼。有人劝汲黯说：“从天子那里就想让群臣居于大将军之下，大将军如今受到皇帝的尊敬和器重，地位更加显贵，你不可不行跪拜之礼。”汲黯答道：“因为大将军有拱手行礼的客人，就反倒使他不受敬重了吗？”大将军听到他这么说，更加认为汲黯贤良，多次向他请教国家与朝中的疑难之事，看待他胜过平素所结交的人。
淮南王刘安阴谋反叛，畏惧汲黯，说：“汲黯爱直言相谏，固守志节而宁愿为正义捐躯，很难用不正当的事情诱惑他。至于游说丞相公孙弘，就像揭掉盖东西的蒙布或者把快落的树叶振掉那么容易了。”

10. 上贤而释之，迁为荥阳令的翻译

皇上认为他贤能就放了他，改任荥阳县令。

整篇发给你，容易对比一些.

【汲黯传】
汲黯字长孺，濮阳人也。其先有宠于古之卫君。至黯七世，世为卿大夫。黯以父任，孝景时为太子洗马，以庄见惮。孝景帝崩，太子即位，黯为谒者。东越相攻，上使黯往视之。不至，至吴而还，报曰：“越人相攻，固其俗然，不足以辱天子之使。”河内失火，延烧千余家，上使黯往视之。还报曰：“家人失火，屋比延烧，不足忧也。
臣过河南，河南贫人伤水旱万余家，或父子相食，臣谨以便宜，持节发河南仓粟以振贫民。
臣请归节，伏矫制之罪。“上贤而释之，迁为荥阳令。黯耻为令，病归田里。上闻，乃召拜为中大夫。以数切诛，不得久留内，迁为东海太守。黯学黄老之言，治官理民，好清静，择丞史而任之。其治，责大指而已，不苛小。黯多病，卧闺阁内不出。岁余，东海大治。称之。上闻，召以为主爵都尉，列于九卿。治务在无为而已，弘大体，不拘文法。
当是时，太后弟武安侯蚡为丞相，中二千石来拜谒，蚡不为礼。然黯见蛉未尝拜，常揖之。天子方招文学儒者，上曰吾欲云云，黯对曰：“陛下内多欲而外施仁义，奈何欲效唐虞之治乎！”上默然，怒，变色而罢朝。公卿皆为黯惧。上退，谓左右曰：“甚矣，汲黯之戆也！”群臣或数黯，黯曰：“天子置公卿辅弼之臣，宁令从谀承意，陷主于不义乎？且已在其位，纵爱身，奈辱朝廷何！”（《史记·汲郑列传》）

【参考译文】
汲黯，字长孺，是濮阳人。他的先人被古时的卫君宠幸。到汲黯是第七代，代代做卿大夫。汲黯因为父亲而袭任官位。在孝景帝时做了太子洗马，因为严肃使人畏惧。孝素帝驾崩，太子即位，汲黯做谒者。东越人互相攻打，皇上派汲黯去观察。汲黯还没到达那里，到了吴郡就回来了，报告说：“越人互相争斗本来是他们的风俗，不足以劳顿天子的使臣前往。”黄河以北地区失火，连着烧及千余家，皇上派汲黯前往视察情况乙汲黯回来报告说：“家里人弄着了火，房子并排，所以连带烧了，不值得担忧？臣经过黄河南面。黄河南面的穷人有万余家受到水灾、旱灾的侵害，有的父子互相残食，臣以职务之便，拿令牌分发了黄河以南仓库的粟米来赈济贫民，臣还回令牌，请皇上治我假传圣旨的罪过。”皇上认为他贤能就放了他，改任荥阳县令。汲黯耻于做县令（这么小的官职），就托病回家乡了。皇上听说，就把他召回来任为中大夫。因为汲黯多次急谏，不能久留宫内，改任东海郡太守。汲黯学习黄老学说，领导官吏，治理百姓，喜好清静，选择郡丞和书吏来任用他们。他治理政事，只管大的方面，不苛求细节。汲黯多病，躺在内室里不出来，一年多，东海郡大治（治理得非常好），人们称赞他。皇上听说了，召见他，任命为主爵都尉，地位在九卿之列。汲黯做官，务求无为而治，宏扬大体，不拘泥文书法令。
这个时候，太后的弟弟武安侯田蛉为丞相，职位在中二千石以上的官吏来拜见，田蚡都不答礼。但是汲黯见田蚡不首行跪拜礼，只是常常拱拱手。天子正招求会做文章和有学问的人，皇上说我想如何如何，汲黯应答说：“陛下内心多欲望却表面上行仁义，怎么能效法唐虞之治呢！”皇上不说话，怒气冲冲，变了脸色下了朝。公卿都为汲黯害怕。皇上退下后，对左右的人说：“太过分了，汲黯真是卤莽！”群臣中有人责备汲黯，汲藉说：“天子任命公卿等辅佐的大臣，难道让我们讨好奉承，把主上置于不义的境地吗？况且我已身在其位，纵使爱惜自己，那又怎能辱没朝廷呢！”