新鄉退火爐
A. 合格的鑄造廠應該具備哪些能力
1、合格的鑄造廠應該具備高端環保的生產設備
隨著環保要求越來越高,作為傳統高能耗、高污染的鑄造行業必須要在節能減排上下功夫,而對於鑄鋼件廠家環保的關鍵就在設備上。傳統鑄鋼生產採用中頻爐等,其污染程度非常嚴重,現在越來越多廠家採用電弧爐加精煉爐,以電作動力,不僅無污染,而且效率和可控性更高。
此外,要生產高端鑄鋼件還必須配有真空爐、智能退火爐等。而在鑄鋼件廠家生產過程中產生的煙塵、廢氣等需要有相應的環保設施予以及時清理,大型高效除塵器和除煙器變得非常必要,現在鑄造准入條件中,除塵除煙設備是必須具備的設備設施,否則不予准入。
2、鑄造廠應該具備先進檢測儀器
要想保證鑄鋼件的高品質,就必須在生產之前確保原材料的合格;生產過程中需要不斷對鋼液質量進行檢測;生產之後還要對成分、組織、內部結構等進行檢驗檢測,這樣才能夠確保高質量的鑄鋼件生產。然而,這一切的實現都離不開先進的檢測儀器,因此,鑄鋼件廠家通常需要配套光譜分析儀、萬能材料試驗機、沖擊機、硬度計等。
3、鑄造廠應擁有高水平的技術隊伍和員工隊伍
鑄鋼件是一項非常有技術含量的產品,高水準的技術隊伍和嫻熟的生產隊伍是必須的條件,如果脫離了人再好的設備也發揮不出應有的水平。縱觀全國鑄造行業,由於作業條件惡劣很多人不願從事此項工作,導致技術和生產人員非常缺乏,多數鑄鋼件廠家的一線和技術年齡較大,而正因年齡原因,很多新工藝、新設備、新技術(比如計算機模擬)很難得以推行,導致整體鑄鋼行業水平難以前進。
4、鑄造廠應該有高水準的管理
管理是企業的靈魂和牽引,如果沒有良好的管理,再好的設備、再好的技術和員工都無法發揮他們的自身水平,這就是為什麼很多廠家硬體設備設施非常之高,但產品質量怎麼也上不去的根本原因。
如果從以上4點進行衡量的話,目前國內能夠達標的鑄造廠屈指可數。新鄉市長城鑄鋼有限公司作為河南省鑄鍛行業綜合實力五十強企業,擁有年產2.5萬噸鑄鋼件生產能力,並且配套了鑄鋼件加工所需的全部高端儀器,可為客戶提供大型鑄鋼件成品加工解決方案。
B. 急求一篇機械類英文論文,英文5000字以上,要有中文翻譯呀,急急急!~~~~~
中國是世界上機械發展最早的國家之一。中國的機械工程技術不但歷史悠久,而且成就十分輝煌,不僅對中國的物質文化和社會經濟的發展起到了重要的促進作用,而且對世界技術文明的進步做出了重大貢獻.傳統機械方面,我國在很長一段時期內都領先於世界。到了近代由於特別是從18世紀初到19世紀40年代,由於經濟社會等諸多原因,我國的機械行業發展停滯不前,在這100多年的時間里正是西方資產階級政治革命和產業革命時期,機械科學技術飛速發展,遠遠超過了中國的水平。這樣,中國機械的發展水平與西方的差距急劇拉大,到十九世紀中期已經落後西方一百多年。
新中國建立後特別是近三十年來,我國的機械科學技術發展速度很快。向機械產品大型化,精密化、自動化和成套化的趨勢發展。在有些方面已經達到或超過了世界先進水平。總的來說,就目前而言中國機械科學技術的成就是巨大的,發展速度之快,水平之高也是前所未有的。這一時期還沒有結束,我國的機械科學技術還將向更高的水平發展。只要我們能夠採取正確的方針、政策、用好科技發展規律並勇於創新,我國的機械工業和機械科技一定能夠振興,重新引領世界機械工業發展潮流。
就小型夯實機械而言:
上世紀60年代以前,我國小型夯實機械非常缺乏,很多小型場地的夯實基本上採用人工夯實。
上世紀60年代初期,長沙建設機械研究所與北京建築工程學院等單位合作,在群眾性技術革新成果的基礎上總結發明了具有中國特色的蛙式夯實機,1962年獲國家科技發明獎。蛙式夯實機結構簡單,維修、使用方便,很快成為我國60年代夯實機械的主導產品。據不完全統計蛙式夯實機累計產量達到50000多台,在我國經濟建設中發揮了重要作用。70年代以後,蛙式夯實機逐漸被性能更先進的振動沖擊夯和振動平板夯所替代,目前蛙式夯實機已經很少,基本被淘汰。
1964年,長沙建設機械研究所開發了HB120型內燃式夯實機,開始由上海工程機械廠生產,後來主要由津市洞庭工程機械廠生產,年產量200台左右。80年代,內燃式夯實機產品質量有較大提高,曾出口東南亞和非洲地區。90年代以後,內燃式夯實機產銷售量也在逐漸減少,目前只有少數小型民營企業生產。
1977年,長沙建設機械研究所和柳州市建築機械廠開發了我國第一台HZR250型和HZR70型振動平板夯,這兩種產品分別於1979 年和1982年通過了由建設部組織的鑒定。隨後義烏建築機械廠、四平建築機械廠、安陽振動器廠、津市洞庭工程機械廠等多家企業都開始生產振動平板夯。1986年長沙建設機械研究所又開發了較大的HZR450型振動平板夯。上世紀90年代以後,振動平板夯在我國有了較快的發展,產品品種、規格和生產企業增多,國外的振動平板夯陸續進入中國市場。
1983年,長沙建設機械研究所和湖北振動器廠聯合開發了我國第一台HZR70型振動沖擊夯,1984年通過了由建設部組織的鑒定,1985年獲建設部科技進步三等獎。由於振動沖擊夯具有壓實效果好、生產率高、體積和重量小、輕便靈活等突出特點,深受用戶歡迎,得到了迅速的推廣使用,並很快發展到資江機器廠、新鄉第三機床廠和津市洞庭工程機械廠等幾十家企業生產。振動沖擊夯雖然比振動平板夯開發晚,但發展速度、產銷量和使用廣泛性比振動平板夯大得多,目前已成為我國夯實機械中產銷量最大的主導產品。上世紀90年代以後,國外的振動平板夯陸續進入中國市場。
振動沖擊夯和振動平板夯在我國的成功開發,不僅為我國建設施工部門提供了性能先進的夯實機械,取得了良好的經濟效益和社會效益,而且使我國夯實機械技術向前跨進了一大步,縮短了與世界先進水平的差距,促進了我國壓實機械的發展。
就機械加工而言:
熱加工 鑄造 據考古發現,在北京平谷、昌平、房山等處曾出土了公元前16世紀(商代)的青銅禮器。 明永樂年間(1403~1424年),北京製造出享譽世界的明永樂大銅鍾(46.5噸)和鍾樓大銅鍾(63噸)及鐵鍾(25噸),採用分爐熔化、地坑造型和陶范法鑄造。 20世紀50年代以前,北京在鑄造上採用粘土砂手工造型。1955年,北京第一機床廠開始採用漏模造型、雙面模型型板及鐵型板和標准砂箱造型。1965年,開始採用塑料模型。 1980 年,北京市機電研究院與北京瑪鋼廠研製成功工頻無芯塞桿底注式保溫澆注電爐。1982年,該院與北京機床鑄造二廠研究成功沖天爐風口吹氧技術。 1985~1988年,北京機床研究所試驗成功浮動端面密封環的壓力鑄造工藝。
鍛壓 1959年,北京第二通用機械廠(後改名北京重型機器廠)建成2500噸水壓機。1971年,該廠製造出6000噸水壓機,這是當時北京最大的鍛壓設備。 1968~1979年,北京起重機器廠先後採用300噸油壓機和2000噸油壓機製造出起重機吊臂和大型覆蓋件。 80年代,北京市機電研究院和北京市模具中心研製出一系列高精度多工位沖裁模具,接近或達到進口模具水平,改變了北京精密沖裁模具依賴進口的局面。
熱處理 1949年前,北京已採用電爐、鹽溶爐、熱電偶等手段進行零件退火、回火、淬火、正火、調質、滲碳等熱處理。 1956年,北京第一機床廠開始採用高頻感應淬火。1961年,北京第二機床廠開始採用氣體氮化淬火。1969年,北京量具刃具廠開始採用光亮淬火。 1978年,北京機床研究所研究完成機床導軌表面接觸淬火工藝及設備、淬火質量檢查技術條件的研究。1979年,鐵道科學研究院和中國科學院力學研究所等合作完成大功率柴油機缸套表面的激光改性處理的研究。 1979年,北京市機電研究院研製成功千瓦級二氧化碳激光器,並於80年代初分別應用於汽缸套和郵票印刷設備的激光熱處理。其中,清華大學、北京市機電研究院、北京郵票廠共同完成郵票廠七色機打孔器表面激光強化研究。 1984~1990年,北京市熱處理研究所研究成功真空熱處理、氣體滲碳微機控制技術(與北京航空航天大學合作)、稀土軟氮化、粉末冶金製品表面強化、煤油加甲醇小滴量法微機可控滲碳、固體滲硼、滲碳過程微機輔助工藝設計及跟蹤控制系統等熱處理新技術,並應用於生產。 焊接與切割 1949年,北京已有氣焊、電弧焊及氧乙炔火焰切割等手工作業。 1963年,北京金屬結構廠與一機部機械科學研究院合作開發出鎢極氬弧焊,並實現了氮氣等離子切割不銹鋼。1964年,用直流鎢極氬弧焊及焊絲合金化技術解決了核工業用傾斜式電解糟純鎳焊接。 1966年,北京金屬結構廠開發出了使被焊球體旋轉的埋弧自動焊。1968年,該廠開始以液化石油氣代替乙炔切割。 80年代初,清華大學發明了新型MIG焊接電弧控製法,在控制電弧技術上取得突破。 80年代初,北京城建設計院等完成液化石油氣移動式氣壓焊軌技術的研究和應用。 1990年,北京金屬結構廠開始採用數控精密切割和具有光電跟蹤及數控尋蹤讀入自動編程的大功率等離子切割技術。
可見,我國機械發展在近代發展其迅速。
China is the world's first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and to promote the progress of civilization, technology has made great contribution to Chinese traditional machine. And in a long period ahead in the world. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, e to the nineteen forties, e to the economic and social reasons, such as the China machinery instry, stagnation, in the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and instrial revolution, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, sharply to the 19th century middle behind western one hundred years.
After the founding of new China, especially in the past 30 years, our country's mechanical science and technology development speed. To the mechanical proct large-scale, precision, automation and discusses the trend of development. In some aspects has reached or exceeded the world advanced level. Generally speaking, currently China mechanical science and technology achievement is huge, developing fast, high level of unprecedented. In this period, China has no end of mechanical science and technology will develop to a higher level. As long as we can adopt the correct policy, with good technology development and innovation, our machinery instry and mechanical technology can revitalize, leading to the development trend of mechanical instry.
Just small ramming machinery:
In the 1960s, China mechanical very small tamp lack, many small venues ramming basically USES artificial ramming.
Early 1960s, changsha construction machinery institute and Beijing architectural engineering institute, etc., the technical innovation achievements in mass on the basis of summing up Chinese characteristic invented the breaststroke ramming machine, 1962 exceeded national science and technology. The breaststroke ramming machine structure is simple, easy to use and maintenance in 1960s, soon became the dominant procts to consolidate machinery. According to not complete count breaststroke tamp cumulative yield reached more than 50,000 machine, in the economic development of our country has played an important role. Since 1970's, the breaststroke ramming machine was graally more advanced performance of vibration shock ram and vibrating plate ram, now replaced by laying machine has rarely breaststroke, basically be eliminated.
In 1964, changsha construction machinery institute HB120 developed movable type, type of Shanghai began laying machine, engineering machine proction mainly by tianjin municipal later, annual proction engineering machinery dongting about 200. In the 1980s, movable type ramming machine proct quality has increased greatly, have exported to southeast Asia and Africa. Since 1990s, internal-combustion type ramming machine proction sales, and graally decreased in only a few small private enterprise proction.
In 1977, changsha construction machinery factory buildings and developed in liuzhou HZR250 type and the HZR70 type vibrating plate ram, these two kinds of procts in 1979 and 1982 passed by the ministry of construction of the organization. Then yiwu building construction machinery factory, siping, anyang vibrators factory, tianjin municipal engineering machinery dongting and other enterprises have started procing vibrating plate ram. In 1986, changsha construction machinery research and develop a larger HZR450 type of vibrating plate ram. Since 1990s, vibrating plate ram in our country has developed very quickly, varieties of procts, specifications and increase proction enterprises, foreign vibrating plate ram graally to enter the Chinese market.
In 1983, changsha construction machinery institute and the joint development of hubei vibration in the first HZR70 type vibration shock ramming, 1984, passed by the ministry of construction, organization construction technology progress in 1985 won prizes. Due to the vibration impact compaction result has good ramming, proctivity, high volume and weight of small, lightweight flexible outstanding characteristics, deeply user etc, obtained a rapid promotion, and soon ZiJiang development to the factory, xinxiang municipal engineering machine tool plant and tianjin dozens of dongting proction factory etc. Vibration shock ramming although than vibrating plate ram, but later development speed of development, proction and use of extensive than vibrating plate ram, has become the largest in China in the ramming machinery procts. Since 1990s, foreign vibrating plate ram graally to enter the Chinese market.
Vibration shock ramming and vibrating plate ram the successful development in our country, not only for our construction department provides advanced performance of mechanical, laying have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit, and make our ramming mechanical technology into a big step forward, shorten the gap with the advanced world level, promoting the development of compaction machine.
The mechanical processing:
According to the archaeological discovery, hot-working casting in Beijing pinggu, changping and so have proved that the 16th century BC shang dynasty (bronze objects. Ming yongle (1403-1424 years), Beijing proce world-renowned Ming yongle great 3-ton bell made (46.5 tons) and tower (63 tons of great 3-ton bell made of iron clock (25) and the furnace of melting, pit TaoFan model and method of casting. In the 1950s, Beijing based on clay sand castings in manual. In 1955, Beijing first machine tool plant began using leakage mould modelling, double-sided model and iron plate type plate and standard sand box modelling. In 1965, start using plastic model. In 1980, the institute and Beijing municipal electrical factory has successfully developed line frequency coreless bathroom plug stem bottom note type electric insulation casting. In 1982, hospital and Beijing the casting machine research cupola tuyere oxygen blowing technology. 1985-1988, Beijing institute of machine of floating end face seal ring by die successful test pressure casting process.
In 1959, Beijing second metalforming machinery general factory changed (Beijing) built 2500 ton heavy-ty hydraulic press. In 1971, the factory proced 6,000 tons, which is then Beijing hydrtesting biggest metalforming equipment. 1968-1979, Beijing hoisting machine factory has 300 tons of using hydraulic press 2000 tons and create crane and large panel. In the 1980s, Beijing institute of electrical and developed a series of Beijing mould centre high-precision cutting die, the multistage close to or to import mould level, changed Beijing precision punching moulds dependence on imports.
Before 1949, Beijing has heat treatment furnace, salt dissolved by thermocouples means furnace, quenching and tempering, parts of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, carburizing and etc. In 1956, Beijing first began using high-frequency quenching machine tool plant. In 1961, the Beijing second machine tool plant began using gas nitriding quenching. In 1969, the following enterprise by Beijing gage start light quenching. In 1978, the complete machine tool research institute of Beijing guide surface contact quenching process and equipment, quenching condition of quality inspection. In 1979, scientific research institute of China academy of railway and mechanical institute of high-power diesel engine cylinder collaboration of surface modification of laser. In 1979, Beijing institute of electrical carbon dioxide laser is developed, and the kilowatt in early 1980s respectively applied in cylinder and stamp printing equipments of laser treatment. Among them, tsinghua university, Beijing, Beijing institute of electrical YouPiaoChang jointly completed YouPiaoChang seven color machine DaKongQi laser surface strengthening research. From 1984 to 1990, Beijing institute of vacuum heat treatment research, gas carburizing microcomputer control technology (Beijing university of aeronautics &astronautics and cooperation), rare earth soft nitriding, powder metallurgy procts surface strengthening, kerosene and methanol small drops of microcomputer control method of carburizing, solid boriding and carburizing process computer aided process planning and tracking control system, and the application of new technology heat in proction. Welding and cutting in 1949, Beijing has geo-drilling, electric welding and cutting etc oxyacetylene flame manual operation. In 1963, Beijing metal structure and YiJiBu mechanical science research cooperation to develop tungsten argon arc welding, and realize the nitrogen plasma cutting stainless steel. In 1964, the use of dc argon arc welding and tungsten wire alloying technology solved by tilting electrolysis instry worse pure nickel welding. In 1966, Beijing metal structure factory developed by rotating sphere of the submerged arc welding automatic welding. In 1968, the plant began to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) instead of acetylene cutting. In the early 1980s, tsinghua university invented new MIG welding arc arc technology in control, control a breakthrough. In the early 1980s, the Beijing urban construction design completed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mobile pneumatic rail welding technology research and application. In 1990, Beijing metal structure factory to adopt CNC precision cutting and with photo-electricity tracking and CNC pursuit of high input automatic programming technology plasma cutting.
Visible, China mechanical development in modern development of its rapid.
C. 急求機械專業相關英文論文(帶中文翻譯)
這里有很多的,你可以找下有沒有?我找了好長時間才找到的哦.
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http://www.law-lib.com/
文如其名。
4、法學論文資料庫
http://www.law-lib.com/lw/
文如其名。
5、中國總經理網論文集
http://www.cnceo.com/school/lwj.asp
6、mba職業經理人論壇
http://mba.001.com.cn/mbamba.htm
7、中國農業在線-農業論文
http://www.agrionline.net.cn/keji/lunwenzy/
8、體育論文
http://www.zxty.net/proct4.htm
9、財經學位論文下載中心
http://www.forumcn.com/sblw/
10、公開發表論文_深圳證券交易所
http://www.sse.org.cn/sse/yjkw/gkfblw.asp
11、中國路橋資訊網論文資料中心
http://www.lqzx.com/lunwen.htm
12、論文商務中心
http://doc.cei.gov.cn/
13、法律帝國:
http://www.fl365.com/gb/lawthinker/bbs/default.asp
四、 論文寫作教學類
1、學術論文
http://www.hrexam.com/advanced1.htm
其實是學術論文的寫作網站。
五、 博碩士論文
1、論文統計
http://www.sci.com.cn/
實際上就是萬方的論文統計。
2、台灣博碩士論文咨訊網
http://datas.ncl.e.tw/theabs/00/
3、北京大學學位論文樣本收藏
http://www.lib.pku.e.cn/xwlw.html
4、學位論文 (清華大學)
http://www.lib.tsinghua.e.cn/new/thesis.html
]
中國科技論文在線http://www.paper.e.cn/
論文中國 :http://www.chinawrite.com/
新浪論文網分類:http://dir.sina.com.cn/search_dir/jy/lw/
中國論文聯盟:http://www.lwlm.com/
大學生論文庫http://www.syiae.com/lunwen
論文資料網:http://www.51paper.net/
論文下載中心:http://www.studa.net/paper/
畢業論文網:http://www.bylw.com/
學位論文:http://www.lib.tsinghua.e.cn/NEW/thesis.html
無憂論文網:http://www.51lunwen.com/
北京語言文化大學論文庫:http://lib.blcu.e.cn/dt1000/bys/bys.htm